数论导引之读书笔记20191010

#math

逐步淘汰原则

定理7.1 设有N件事物,其中\(N_{\alpha}\)件有性质\(\alpha\),\(N_{\beta}\)件有性质\(\beta,\cdots,N_{\alpha\beta}\)件兼有性质\(\alpha\mbox{及}\beta,\cdots,N_{\alpha\beta\gamma}\)件兼有性质\(\alpha,\beta\mbox{及}\gamma,\cdots\),则此事物中之既无性质\(\alpha\),又无性质\(\beta\),又无性质\(\gamma,\cdots\)者之件数为

\[\begin{align}N-N_{\alpha}-N_{\beta}-\cdots\\ +N_{\alpha\beta}+\cdots\\ -N_{\alpha\beta\gamma}-\cdots\\ +\cdots-\cdots\end{align}\]

定理7.2 若\(a,b,\cdots,k,l\)为任意非负之数,则

\[max(a,b,\cdots,k,l)=a+b+\cdots+k+l\\ -min(a,b)\cdots-min(k,l)\\ +min(a,b,c)+\cdots\\ -\cdots+\cdots\\ \pm min(a,b,\cdots,k,l)\]

定理7.3 \([a_1,\cdots,a_n]=a_1\cdots a_n(a_1,a_2)^{-1}\cdots(a_{n-1},a_n)^{-1}(a_1,a_2,a_3)\cdots(a_1,\cdots,a_n)^{(-1)^{n+1}}\)

定理7.4 \((a_1,a_2,\cdots,a_n)=a_1\cdots a_n[a_1,a_2]^{-1}\cdots[a_{n-1}a_n]^{-1}[a_1,a_2,a_3]\cdots[a_1,\cdots,a_n]^{(-1)^{n+1}}\)

图片

钢筋森林

流程图

graph TD; A-->B; A-->C; B-->D; C-->D;

时序图

sequenceDiagram participant Alice participant Bob Alice->John: Hello John,how are you? loop Healthcheck John->John: Fight against hypochondria end Note right of John: Rational thoughts
prevail... John-->Alice: Great! John->Bob: How about you? Bob-->John: Jolly good!

甘特图

gantt dateFormat YYYY-MM-DD title Adding GANTT diagram functionality to mermaid section A section Completed task :done, des1, 2014-01-06,2014-01-08 Active task :active, des2, 2014-01-09, 3d Future task : des3, after des2, 5d Future task2 : des4, after des3, 5d section Critical tasks Completed task in the critical line :crit, done, 2014-01-06,24h Implement parser and jison :crit, done, after des1, 2d Create tests for parser :crit, active, 3d Future task in critical line :crit, 5d Create tests for renderer :2d Add to mermaid :1d

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